HTML is a HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE which is used to create web pages . HTML was invented for the internet by TIM BERNER- LEE at CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics in GENEVA. It is text based simple language.
HTML documents are created as plain text (ASCII) files using NOTEPAD on a windows machine.
HTML is easy to learn and understand and simple to use as compared to other programming languages. It start coding in HTML, we require only a text editor. Notepad is one of the most popular text editors that are widely used by the web page designers to design a webpage.
An HTML file must have some essential tags so that web browser can differentiate between a simple text and HTML text. You can use as many tags you want as per your code requirement.HTML documents are created as plain text (ASCII) files using NOTEPAD on a windows machine.
However, NOTEPAD saves the text files with .txt extension by default. We have to save the files in NOTEPAD with .html or .html extension and run it by using a WEB BROWSER such as INTERNET EXPLORER from the Microsoft Corporation, Netscape Navigator from Netscape Communication Corporation and Spyglass Mosaic From National Center for Super Computing Application, etc.
ESSENTIALS:
To prepare web pages and write HTML documents, the following things are required.
(1) Windows Based Computer System with any Text Editor like Notepad, WordPad etc.
(2) Internet Explorer 5 or any higher version.
STRUCTURE OF A WEB PAGE (HTML DOCUMENT):
HTML is a TAG based language. A tag is an element which instructs the web browser what to display and how to display. The entire web page is enclosed within html <html tags. The <html> is a start tag whereas html is ending tag. Within these tags, two distinct sections re created using the head head tags and <body/body> tags. Html tags are not case sensitive i.e, tags can be written in any upper case, lower case or mixture of both.
The general structure of a HTML document or web page in shown below:
<Html>
<Head>
----------
----------
</head>
</Body>
----------
---------
</body>
</html>
</body>
</html>
Tags can be written in any case; upper case, lower case or mixture of both.
The <head> tag is used for providing header information. This tag is a container tag. The document title is written in <head> tags.
Body tag is used to represent the body of the document. It is a container tag. The whole text to be represented as body of the document is written in between <body> and </body> tags.
DESIGNING WEB PAGES:
1. Open Notepad by clicking Start>All Programs>Accessories Notepad. Notepad window will open on the screen.
2. Type the HTML commands and your text to be displayed.
Simple HTML Commands Typed in Notepad
3. Click File>Save. Save As dialog box will appear on the screen.
4. Give the name to your file(with .html extension) in File name rectangular box.
5. From Save as type drop down list, select All Files option.
6. Select the location from Save in droop down list where you have to save the file.
7. Finally click on Save button. The file will be saved in the selected folder.
LOOKING AT THE WEB PAGE:
TYPES OF HTML TAGS:
An HTML tag consists of a left angle bracket (<), a tag name, and a right angle bracket (>). Tags are usually paired (e.g.,<hl> and </hl>) to indicate starting of and ending of the tag instruction. The general structure of a tag is
<Tag name>
HTML tags are of two types:
1. Container Tags (Paired Tags) : Those tags which require the closing tags are known as container tags. In container tags, one part is used as starting tag and the other part is used as closing tag Some commonly used container tags are <html> and </html, <head> and </head>, <title >and</title> <body> and</ body> etc.
2. Empty Tags (Stand Alone Tags) : Those tags which do not require the closing tag are known in empty tag. It is a solo(single) tag, eg. br, <hr>.
Writing Tags in the Documents
As you now know that tags are specific HTML commands. Container tags require their closing tags but empty tag are written without their closing tags. You can write these tags in any case. It may be lower case, upper case or mixed case.
For example:
<TITLE>WEB PAGE</TITLE>
or
<title>WEB PAGE</title>
or
<title>WEB PAGE</TITLE>
or
<title> WEB PAGE<TITLE>
or
<tiTLE>WEB PAGE</tiTlE>
All these tags will have the same effect in the Web Page.
Description of Some Useful Tags:
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